免疫检查点抑制剂相关心肌炎临床诊疗实施建议（2026版）

Clinical diagnosis and treatment recommendations for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis (2026 edition)

摘要: 免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs）已广泛应用于多种恶性肿瘤，为患者带来显著获益。然而，ICIs相关心肌炎等严重并发症的发生，已日益成为重要临床挑战。本临床诊疗实施建议基于2022版的内容，结合国内外最新循证证据与临床实践经验进行更新，主要聚焦ICIs相关心肌炎的流行病学特征、高危人群识别策略及全流程管理路径，旨在提供从早期识别、早期预防到个体化早期干预的临床规范化诊疗实施建议，从而改善患者预后。

Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used in a variety of malignant tumors, bringing significant clinical benefits to patients. At the same time, ICI-associated myocarditis as a serious complication has increasingly become a clinical challenge. Based on the 2022 edition, this clinical diagnosis and treatment implementation suggestion is updated in combination with the latest evidence-based evidence and clinical practice experience at home and abroad. The epidemiological characteristics, high-risk population identification strategy and whole process management path of ICIs-associated myocarditis are systematically expounded, aiming to provide standardized implementation suggestions from prevention, early identification to individualized intervention for clinical practice and improve the prognosis of patients.